The combined local pressure induced by some source and the atmospheric pressure at the measurement location.
Temperature at which thermal energy is at a minimum. Defined as Kelvin, calculated to be -273.16° C or -459.69° F.
The electrical output of a pressure transducer at zero applied pressure input, caused by static or dynamic acceleration applied to the transducer case. It is expressed as a percentage of full-range output per “g”.
The ratio of the error to the full-scale output or the ratio of the error output, as specified, expressed in percent. Accuracy may be expressed in terms of units of measurand, or as with ± percent of full-scale output, or span.
The condition(s) around the transducer (pressure, temperature, etc).
The pressure of the medium surrounding the transducer.
The average or mean temperature of the surrounding air, which comes in contact with the equipment and instrument under test.
An electronic device which boots or increases a small signal to a higher level, usually for transmission, scale convenience or noise immunity.
A voltage or current signal that is a continuous function of the measured parameter.
Acronym for the American National Standards Institute.
The total noise floor from all sources of interference in a measurement system independent of the presence of a data signal.
The temperature at which a substance in the liquid state transforms to the gaseous state commonly refers to the boiling point of water (+100°C or +212°F at sea level).
The AC or DC voltage, which can be applied across the insulation portion of a transducer without arcing or conduction above a specific current value.
The quantity of thermal energy required to rise one pound of water 1°F at or near its maximum density (39.1°F).
The maximum pressure applied to a transducer sensing element or case without causing leakage.
The process of adjusting an instrument or compiling a deviation chart so that its reading can be correlated to the actual value being measured.
Pressure calibration in ascending and descending duration.
The boiling of a liquid caused by a decrease in pressure rather than an increase in temperature.
The rapid cycling on and off of a control process relay due to insufficient bandwidth in the controller.
The ability of an instrument to reject interference from a common voltage at its input terminals with relation to ground; usually expressed in dB.
The addition of specific material or device(s) to counteract a known error.
A process variable which is to be controlled at some desired value by means of error; i.e. cold junction compensation for thermocouples.
A two-wire loop in which the current through the wires is maintained according to a controlling device, usually a two-wire transmitter. The advantages of a current loop are longer distance signal transmission, better noise immunity, and the ability to power the two-wire transmitter throughout the same two wires. The most common current loop is 4-20 mA.
The time usually expressed in seconds for a controller to complete one on/off cycle.
The energy-dissipating characteristic, which, together with natural frequency, determines the limit of frequency response and the response time characteristic of a transducer, instrument, or system. In response to a step change of input or measurand, an underdamped system oscillates about its final steady value and an overdamped system come to rest without overshoot, and a critically damped system is at the point between the underdamped and overdamped.
The range through which input can be varied without initiating observable change in output. (There is a separate and distinct input-output relationship for increasing and decreasing signals.)
The volume of the pressure port of a transducer at room temperature and ambient barometric pressure.
The difference between the value of the controlled variable and the value at which it is being controlled.
The static pressure difference generated by the primary device when there is no difference in elevation between the upstream and downstream pressure taps.
An output signal, which represents the size of a stimulus or input in the form of a series of discrete quantities.
An undesired change that takes place in a process(es) that tends to affect adversely the value of a controlled variable.
An undesired change in output over a period of time, of which change is not a function of the measurand.
The output at zero pressure and full-scale pressure.
All conditions to which a transducer may be exposed during shipping, storage, handling, and operation.
The difference between the value indicated by the transducer and the true value of the pressure being sensed.
The allowable deviation of output from specific reference norm.
The external application of electrical voltage/ current applied to a transducer for normal operation.
An enclosure that can withstand an explosion of gases within it and prevent the explosion of gases surrounding it due to sparks, flashed or the explosion of the container itself, and maintain an external temperature that will not ignite the surrounding gases.
A temperature scale defined by 32° at the ice point and 212° at the boiling point of water at sea level.
A device to sort desired result from undesired. Electrically, a selective circuit which passes through certain frequencies, while attenuating or rejecting others.
An instrument that meets a specific set of specifications established by the Factory Mutual Research Corporation which sets industrial safety standards.
The temperature at which the substance goes from a liquid phase to a solid phase.
The frequency of free (not forced) oscillation of a transducer, mechanical apparatus, or electrical circuit.
An output in the form of frequency, which varies as a function of the applied input.
The change with frequency of the output measurand amplitude ratio (and of the phase difference between output and measurand), for a sinusoidally varying input applied to a transducer, instrument or stem. It is usually specified as “within ± percent (or ±dB) to Hz”.
A Wheatstone Bridge configuration utilizing active elements or stain gauges.
The algebraic difference between the zero pressure output and full scale pressure output.
A measure of the ratio of the relative change of resistance to the relative change in length of a piezoresistive strain gauge.
The difference between the local absolute pressure of the fluid and the atmospheric pressure at the place of the measurement.
The ratio of the change in output to the change in input, which caused it.
The reference point of an electrical system, or alternatively, the local earth potential (earth ground).
2 active elements or stain gauges.
Thermal energy. Heat is expressed in units of calories or Btu’s.
Units in which frequency is expressed. Synonymous with cycles per second.
The moisture content of air relative to the maximum that the air can contain at the same pressure and temperature.
The difference in output when the pressure value is first approached with increasing pressure and then with decreasing pressure.
The resistance measured across the excitation terminals of a transducer.
The resistance measured between two insulated points on a transducer when a specific DC voltage is applied at room temperature.
An instrument which will not produce any spark or thermal effect, under normal or abnormal conditions, that will ignite a specified gas mixture.
Allowing a difference in potential (voltage) between the reference point (ground) of two circuits without any appreciable current flow between them.
The units of absolute or thermodynamic temperature scale based upon the Celsius scale with 100 units between the ice point and boiling point of water. 0°C = 273.16K (there is no degree [°] symbol used with the Kelvin scale).
The minimum number of pressure cycles the transducer can endure and still remain within a specified tolerance.
The closeness of a calibration curve to a specific straight line between end points.
Linearity as referring to a straight line between end points.
The impedance presented to the output terminals of a transducer or instrument by the associated external circuitry.
The product of the gains of all the elements in a loop.
The minimum number of pressure cycles the transducer can endure and still remain within a specified tolerance.
The temperature at which a substance transforms from a solid phase to a liquid phase.
The error resultant from installing the pressure transducer, both electrical and mechanical.
An unwanted signal which can contribute to errors in measurement. Examples are hum (power lines), radio frequency interference (RFI), electromagnetic interference (EMI), and broadband or white noise.
A standard from the National Electrical Manufacturers Association, which defines enclosures for indoor or outdoor use primarily to provide a degree of protection against windblown dust, rain, and/or splashing water.
The electrical signal, which is produced by a pressure applied to the transducer sensor.
The impedance across the output terminals of a transducer or instrument presented to the associated external circuitry.
The negative base-ten logarithm of the hydrogen-ion activity in a solution.
Proportional, Integral, Derivative. A three-mode control action where the controller has time portioning, integral (auto reset), and derivative action.
In electricity, the quality of having two oppositely charged poles, one positive and one negative.
A closed loop in which any change is reinforced until a limit is eventually reached.
A variable resistor often used to control a circuit.
A separate unit or part of a circuit that supplies power to the rest of the circuit or to a system.
The outer loop in a cascade system.
The maximum amount of pressure that can be applied to a pressure transducer without changing any specification.
Pounds per square inch absolute. Pressure referenced to a vacuum.
Pounds per square inch gauge. Pressure referenced to ambient air pressure.
The upper and lower pressure limits that a transducer is required to measure.
The length of time that it takes a transducer to return to normal after applying a proof pressure.
The ability of a transducer to repeat its output signal at a given pressure in one direction repeatedly.
The time interval over which the system temperature is sampled for the derivative function.
The magnitude of output step changes as pressure is varied continuously over the range and usually expressed as a percentage of range. (Primarily applies to potentiometric type units. Strain gauge units’ resolution is infinite).
The cold junction in a thermocouple circuit, which is held at a stable known temperature. The standard reference temperature is 0°C (+32°F); however, other temperatures can be used.
The length of time required for the output of a transducer to rise to a specified percentage of its final value.
Radio Frequency Interference.
Ambient conditions used for test purposes.
Internal heating of a transducer as a result of power dissipation.
The property of a process or machine which permits attainment of equilibrium, after a disturbance, without the intervention of a controller.
The part of a transducer, which reacts directly in response to the pressure.
A change in the calibration slope.
An input variable which sets the desired value of a controlled variable.
A protective enclosure surrounding a circuit or cable which is to protect it from an electrical disturbance such as noise.
A module or device which condition an electrical signal in order to make it more useful. A signal conditioner often contains an amplifier and filter, and may provide isolation, linearization, compensation and other functions.
To process the form or mode of a signal so as to make it intelligible to, or compatible with, a given device, including such manipulation as pulse shaping, pulse clipping, digitizing, and linearizing.
The ability of a transducer to retain performance throughout its life span.
A measuring element for converting force, pressure, tension, etc., into an electrical signal.
A calibration recording pressure versus output at room temperature.
The error band applicable at room temperature.
The pressure of a fluid or gas at rest.
The range of ambient temperature, given by their extremes, within which the transducer is intended to operate.
The range of ambient temperature for which Thermal Zero Shift is applicable (temperature error). Operation outside this range may require re-calibration.
The changes in resistance of semiconductor per unit change in temperature over a specific range of temperature.
The sensitivity shift due to changes of the ambient temperature from room temperature to the specified limits of the compensated temperature range.
An error due to changes in ambient temperature in which the zero pressure output shifts. Thus, the entire calibration curve moves in parallel displacement.
In the broadest sense it is a device (or medium) that converts one energy form to another. Therefore, items such as a windmill, electric light, or an automobile engine could be called a “transducer” – but, in common practice, the term is generally applied to devices that take a physical phenomenon (pressure, temperature, humidity, flow, etc.) and converts it to an electrical output.
A device which translates the low-level output of a sensor or transducer to a higher level signal which is suitable for transmission to a site where it can be processed further.
The true Root-Mean-Square of an AC or AC plus DC signal which is often used to determine power of a signal. For a perfect sine wave, the RMS value is 1.11072 times the rectified average value, which is utilized for low cost metering.
GP:50 NY Ltd.
Blue Ribbon Corp.
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